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The prevalence of HIV-positive subjects varied widely across studies, ranging from 0.6 to 100%. Among MSM, slam prevalence was extremely variable, ranging from 2 to 91% regarding other sexually active subjects, prevalence ranged from 7 to 14%. One study focused on heterosexual and homosexual subpopulations, and all other studies focused on MSM-specific samples. Results: Our search identified 530 publications, of which 27 were included in the final data synthesis.
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We limited the search to studies published between January 2008 and May 2020. To complete the review, we followed the recommendations of the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” method. Methods: A systematic review of the available literature was conducted to identify all relevant publications using PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. We aimed to synthesize the available published evidence through a systematic literature review in order to precisely describe this phenomenon and to better characterize the population engaging in this practice and its specific motives. It consists of intravenous drug injection before or during planned sexual activity to sustain, enhance, disinhibit, or facilitate the experience. Background: Slamming has been developing since 2011 as a new international phenomenon, mostly among men who have sex with men (MSM).